Version: 10.2.8

Apply surface-based Robotics driver

Overview

To automate console and core applications where there is no way to get a window or element locator, you can use WorkFusion's image-based (or surface-based) driver for automating desktop and web applications.

tip

For faster image capturing and defining offsets, you can use the RPA Recorder for:

Making screenshots
Media file panel
Exporting code

Surface selector byImage()

The Robotics API has been extended with a byImage(String imageUrl, int offsetX, int offsetY) selector enabling you to locate interface elements by their screenshots.

The bot performs clicks, hovers, or other actions directly at the geometrical center of the screenshot (with an offset in pixels, if defined):

offset X coordinate is positive from the center to the right
offset Y coordinate is positive from the center to bottom

Center click	Click with offset

Robotics API example:

$(byImage("https://server-name/1478701332260-click.png")).doubleClick();

Images should be uploaded to a server and accessible through HTTP.

note

Non-Latin symbols are not allowed when providing the image file path in the byImage selector.

Surface capability imageSimilarityThreshold

For surface-based automation, it is possible to set the image similarity threshold capability to address complicated cases where images should strictly match (alternatively, be 60% alike).

The imageSimilarityThreshold capability can take double values from 0.0 to 1.0.

imageSimilarityThreshold syntax:

<robotics-flow>
        <robot name="driver" driver="universal">

            <capability name="imageSimilarityThreshold" value="0.6"/>

            <script><![CDATA[
                ...

The setImageMatchingOptions method allows you to define the templateSimilarity value. You can use this method multiple times to override the parameter.

setImageMatchingOptions([
    templateSimilarity: 0.7
])

Typing without Window switching

When using the surface-based approach, add the following method to type into any currently active window without explicitly switching to it:

In the <script> section, add the enableTypeOnScreen() method.
To disable the behavior, use the disableTypeOnScreen() method.

Enabling this typing option is not stable because random popup windows can appear during bot execution.It is recommended to use the window() method for each new window.

Typing on screen example

    import com.workfusion.odf2.compiler.BotTask;
    import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.AdHocTask;
    import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.TaskInput;
    import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.output.TaskRunnerOutput;
    import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaDriver;
    import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaFactory;
    import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaRunner;
    import com.workfusion.rpa.driver.Driver;
    import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA;
    import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElement;
    import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElementCollection;
    import org.openqa.selenium.By;
    import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
    import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import javax.inject.Inject;
    import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$;
    import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$$;
    import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiSelectors.byImage;

    @BotTask(requireRpa = true)
    public class ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver implements AdHocTask {
        private final RpaRunner rpaRunner;
        private final Logger logger;

        @Inject
        public ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver(RpaFactory rpaFactory, Logger logger){
            this.rpaRunner = rpaFactory
                    .builder(RpaDriver.UNIVERSAL)
                    .closeOnCompletion(true)
                    .build();
            this.logger = logger;
        }

        @Override
        public TaskRunnerOutput run(TaskInput taskInput) {

            rpaRunner.execute(driver->{
                this.typingWithoutWindowSwitching(driver);
                this.win10CalculatorSample(driver);
                RPA.sleep(2000);
                this.getLocationAndSizes(driver);
            });

            return taskInput.asResult()
                    .withColumn("example_bot_task_output", "completed_successfully");
        }

        private void typingWithoutWindowSwitching(Driver driver){
            RPA.enableTypeOnScreen();

            RPA.open("notepad.exe");
            RPA.switchTo().window("[CLASS:Notepad]");
            RPA.sendKeys("What is RPA?");
            RPA.pressEnter();


            RPA.openFirefox("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
            $(By.xpath("//input[@id='searchInput']")).val("Robotic process automation").pressEnter();
            RPA.sleep(2000);
            String wiki_text = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='bodyContent']//p")).getText();

            // explicitly switch to window before typing
            RPA.disableTypeOnScreen();

            RPA.switchTo().window("[CLASS:Notepad]");
            RPA.sendKeys(wiki_text);
            RPA.pressEnter();
            RPA.pressEnter();
            RPA.pressCtrlA();
            RPA.pressBackSpace();
        }
    }

Multiple image search

$$(byImage) returns a collection of similar images.

Multiple image search

import com.workfusion.odf2.compiler.BotTask;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.AdHocTask;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.TaskInput;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.output.TaskRunnerOutput;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaDriver;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaFactory;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaRunner;
import com.workfusion.rpa.driver.Driver;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElement;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElementCollection;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.slf4j.Logger;

import javax.inject.Inject;

import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$$;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiSelectors.byImage;


@BotTask(requireRpa = true)
public class ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver implements AdHocTask {
    private final RpaRunner rpaRunner;
    private final Logger logger;
    private static final String s3Path = "https://aa-materials.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/Materials/Surface_based_examples/";
    private static final String pagePath = s3Path + "index.html";
    private static final String image_1 = s3Path + "test_rodger.png";
    private static final String image_2 = s3Path + "test_ship.png";

    @Inject
    public ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver(RpaFactory rpaFactory, Logger logger){
        this.rpaRunner = rpaFactory
                .builder(RpaDriver.UNIVERSAL)
                .capability("imageSimilarityThreshold","0.52")
                .closeOnCompletion(true)
                .build();
        this.logger = logger;
    }

    @Override
    public TaskRunnerOutput run(TaskInput taskInput) {

        rpaRunner.execute(driver->{
            this.multipleImageSearch(driver);
        });

        return taskInput.asResult()
                .withColumn("example_bot_task_output", "completed_successfully");
    }

    public void multipleImageSearch(Driver driver){
        String expectedResult = "clicked";
        
        RPA.openChrome(pagePath);
        int objectCollection = $$(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/p/img")).size();
        logger.debug("Object Collection Size - " + objectCollection);


        int imageCollection = $$(byImage(image_1,0,0)).size();
        logger.debug(" image collection " + imageCollection );
        if(imageCollection == objectCollection ){
            logger.debug("Multi Image Search is working");
        }

        UiElementCollection imageElements = $$(byImage(image_1));
        for(UiElement element:imageElements){
            element.click();
            RPA.sleep(2000);
        }

        UiElement select = $(By.xpath("//select"));
        RPA.actions().moveToElement(select).click().build().perform();

        RPA.sleep(5000);

        int imageCollection2 = $$(byImage(image_2)).size();
        logger.debug(" pirate ship count " + imageCollection2);
        if(imageCollection2 == objectCollection){
            logger.debug("Multi Image Search is working");
        }

    }

}

Examples

Here, you can find several examples on how to use the surface-based robotics driver.

Clicking Win10 calculator

The example below shows clicking the Win10 calculator. The following images are used:

Win10 calculator sample

import com.workfusion.odf2.compiler.BotTask;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.AdHocTask;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.TaskInput;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.output.TaskRunnerOutput;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaDriver;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaFactory;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaRunner;
import com.workfusion.rpa.driver.Driver;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElement;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElementCollection;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$$;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiSelectors.byImage;


@BotTask(requireRpa = true)
public class ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver implements AdHocTask {
    private final RpaRunner rpaRunner;
    private final Logger logger;

    @Inject
    public ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver(RpaFactory rpaFactory, Logger logger){
        this.rpaRunner = rpaFactory
                .builder(RpaDriver.UNIVERSAL)
                .closeOnCompletion(true)
                .build();
        this.logger = logger;
    }

    @Override
    public TaskRunnerOutput run(TaskInput taskInput) {

        rpaRunner.execute(driver->{
            this.win10CalculatorSample(driver);
        });

        return taskInput.asResult()
                .withColumn("example_bot_task_output", "completed_successfully");
    }

    private void win10CalculatorSample(Driver driver){
        //Create your own screenshot of calculator if needed. Accordingly adjust the offset to make your example work.
        String imagePath = "C:\\Users\\sshukla\\Desktop\\New folder\\";

        RPA.open("calc.exe");
        RPA.setOption("typeOnScreen", true);
        $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG", -50, 105)).click(); // 2
        $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG",  145, -35)).click(); // *
        $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG", -50, 25)).click(); // 5
        $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG",  145, 155)).click(); // =


        // copy result
        String calculationResult= RPA.selectAllTextAndCopy();
        logger.debug(" Calculator Result " + calculationResult);

        $(byImage(imagePath+"calwin10menu.png")).click(); // show menu

        // close
        RPA.pressAltF4();
    }
}

Getting location and size

There is also an ability to get the size of the rectangle found on screen by robot and its location:

getSize()
getLocation()
getRect()
- getWidth()
- getHeight()
- getPoint()
- getX()
- getY()
- GetDimension()

Getting location and size

import com.workfusion.odf2.compiler.BotTask;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.AdHocTask;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.TaskInput;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.task.output.TaskRunnerOutput;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaDriver;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaFactory;
import com.workfusion.odf2.core.webharvest.rpa.RpaRunner;
import com.workfusion.rpa.driver.Driver;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElement;
import com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiElementCollection;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.RPA.$$;
import static com.workfusion.rpa.helpers.UiSelectors.byImage;


@BotTask(requireRpa = true)
public class ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver implements AdHocTask {
    private final RpaRunner rpaRunner;
    private final Logger logger;

    @Inject
    public ApplySurfacebasedRoboticsDriver(RpaFactory rpaFactory, Logger logger){
        this.rpaRunner = rpaFactory
                .builder(RpaDriver.UNIVERSAL)
                .closeOnCompletion(true)
                .build();
        this.logger = logger;
    }

    @Override
    public TaskRunnerOutput run(TaskInput taskInput) {

        rpaRunner.execute(driver->{
            this.getLocationAndSizes(driver);
        });

        return taskInput.asResult()
                .withColumn("example_bot_task_output", "completed_successfully");
    }

    private void getLocationAndSizes(Driver driver){
        //Create your own image if provided image not giving result. Replace the image path with your path.
        String imagePath = "C:\\Users\\sshukla\\Desktop\\New folder\\";

        RPA.open("calc.exe");
        RPA.setOption("typeOnScreen", true);

        // execute coordinate-based methods
        int rectangle_width = $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG")).getRect().getWidth();
        Point location= $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG")).getLocation();
        Dimension size= $(byImage(imagePath + "calwin10.PNG")).getSize();

        logger.debug(" rectangle_width - " + rectangle_width);
        logger.debug(" location - " + location);
        logger.debug(" size - " + size);

        // close
        RPA.pressAltF4();
    }
}

Using image-based selectors in RPA API

See some samples on how to use image-based selectors in RPA API.

Image-based RPA examples

String imagePath = "https://your-server/some-folder/";
 
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image1.png")).click();
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image1.png"), 40, -60).doubleClick();
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image1.png")).tripleClick();
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image1.png")).click(n);
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image1.png")).contextClick();
 
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image2.png")).hover();

$(byImage("${imagePath}/image3.png")).isExists();
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image4.png"), -25, 77).getLocation();
$(byImage("${imagePath}/image5.png"), 10, 77).getCoordinates();

actions()
   .dragAndDrop(
       $(byImage("${imagePath}/source-folder.png")),
       $(byImage("${imagePath}/target-folder.png")))
   .build().perform();
 
actions().dragAndDrop($(byImage("${imagePath}/source.png")), xOffset, yOffset).build().perform();
actions().clickAndHold($(byImage("${imagePath}/image.png"))).build().perform();
actions().release($(byImage("${imagePath}/image.png"))).build().perform();

actions().moveToElement($(byImage("${imagePath}/image.png"))).build().perform();

Overview​

Surface selector byImage()​

Surface capability imageSimilarityThreshold​

Typing without Window switching​

Multiple image search​

Examples​

Clicking Win10 calculator​

Getting location and size​

Using image-based selectors in RPA API​

Overview

Surface selector byImage()

Surface capability imageSimilarityThreshold

Typing without Window switching

Multiple image search

Examples

Clicking Win10 calculator

Getting location and size

Using image-based selectors in RPA API